vol 2-1

සදාහරිත කලාපය - 2-1

ඇතුළත....................

• නිල්ගල මහ වනබිම වනසන මහ සැලැසුම
• කෙම් පහන්වල ස්වාභාවික රසායනය
• මා මිනිසෙක් ඔබ ගඟක් නිසා
• දිලිහෙන කහ ලූණු එක්කර පල්ලා විළි වැද නයි විෂ යයි නුඹ පල්ලා 
• මහී සීයා ගේ පරිසර කතා
• ඉහළ කඳුකර මල් කුරුල්ලා
• සෞර ග‍්‍රහ මණ්ඩලය සහ  දේශගුණය
• මරු පැරැදු උතුරු දෙසෙහි මොනර සෙබඩ කිරල රැඟුම්
• බෝ තුරු වියනේ කිරණ දහරේ ශාන්තිය
• සාගරය හා බැඳුණු ජීවීන් ගේ ආශ්චර්යය
• කඩොලාන පරිසර පද්ධතිය කැළි කසළ හළන ගොහොරු බිමක් ද ?
• පන්සල්වලට හරිහම්බ කර දී ජීවිතයෙන් වන්දි ගෙවන අලි ඇත්තු

by< l÷lr u,a l=re,a,d

iq,n fõ ;=gq jjq ish,a,

,xldfõ oekg mlaIs úfYaI 441 la muK jd¾;d ù we;' ta w;r foaYSh fkajdisl mlaIs úfYaI 236 la muK fjhs' bka 33 la ,xldjg wdfõKsl mlaISyq fj;s' 2007 f,dal ixrlaIK ix.ufha r;= o;a; f,aLkhg wkqj ,xldfõ fkajdisl mlaIs úfYaI w;ßka 46 la muK j| ùfï ;¾ckhg uqyqK md isák nj i|yka fõ' wdfõKsl mlaISka w;=ßka 16 la j|ùfï ;¾ckhg uqyqK md we;'

wdfõKsl mlaISka ms<sn| j l:d lsÍfï § wm ks;r wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka jdiia:dk úkdY ùu fya;=fjka j| ùfï ;¾ckhg uqyqK md we;s úfYaI ms<sn| j h' tfy;a ,xldfõ wdfõKsl mlaISka w;=ßka l÷lr u,a l=re,a,d ;u jdiia:dkhkays iq,n jk njla fmfkkakg ;sfí'

úoHd;aul j fidiafgfrdmaia fi,dfkkaisia (Zosterops ceylonensis) f,i y÷kajk l÷lr u,a l=re,a,d fidiagfrdmsfâ (Zosteropidae) l=,hg wh;a h' bx.%Sisfhka Sri Lanka White-eye, Ceylon Hill White-eye yd Sri Lanka Large White-eye f,i ye¢ka fõ' m%udKfhka ù l=re,a,l= ;rï jk fï mlaIshd È.ska fikaáógr 11 la muK jk mqIaáu;a YÍrhla iys; úfYaIhls' w,xldrj;a fï mlaIshd f.a YÍrfha mDIaÀh j¾Kh lyjka ldls fld< meyehla .kS' W.=r" mmqj yd .=o m%foaYh we;=¿ j há j,. m%foaYh lyjka h' nvj; w¿jka iqÿ meye;s h' fydg yd weia l¿ meye jk w;r mdo w¿ meye;s h' weia jgd iqÿ meye j<,a,la msysghs' th bÈßfhka wiïmQ¾K fõ' fï úfYaIfha .eyekq yd msßñ i;=ka f.a j¾K rgdj tl iudk fõ' tneúka .eyekq" msßñ i;=ka ndysr fmkqfuka fjka lr y÷kd.ekSu wmyiq h'

,xldfõ by< l÷lr m%foaYhkays jHdma; j we;s fï úfYaIh úYd, rxpq jYfhka jkdka;r mßirhkays § yuq fõ' jkdka;r wdY%s; f.j;= mßirhkays § l=vd rxpq jYfhka oel.; yels h' miq.sh ld,fha § Y%S mdo wvúh" fyda¾gka ;ekak" y.a., oeä rlaIs;h" iS;dt<sh - l|fmd< rlaIs;h" ÿïnr l÷jeáh wd§ l÷lr jkdka;rhkays fï mlaIs úfYaIfha iq,n;djla fmfkkakg we;s nj ta jkdka;r weiqf¾ lrk ,o wOHhkhka f.ka meyeÈ,s úh'

jkdka;r mßirhkays rxpq jYfhka f.dÿre fidhñka ießirk wjia:djkays § ishhlg wêl idudðlhka f.ka hq;a rxpq f,i tla ù fudjqyq .uka lr;s' túg wLKav j kdo lrk w;r rxpqj u tlg kdo lsÍfï § oeä f>daIdldÍ iajrEmhla mj;S'

fudjqka jkdka;r mßirj, f.dÿre fiùfï § úYd, rxpq jYfhka ießirkafka f.dÿre fidhd .ekSfï myiqj yd wdrlaIdj i|yd h' fudjqyq úYd, rxpq jYfhka l÷lr jkdka;rfha úhka ia;rfha ießir;s' túg mlaIs rxpqj l%udkql+, j jkdka;rh mqrd bÈßhg .uka lrk w;r f>daIdldÍ f,i wLKav j kdo lr;s' iuyr wjia:djkays § fï mlaIs rxpq iuÕ fjk;a l÷lr l=re,a,ka f.ka ieÿï,;a mlaIs kv o .uka lrkq oel .; yels h'  

fudjqka we;eï úg meKs l=re,a,ka (Sunbird), ms<s, f.ä iQálald (Small Flowerpecker), nÜáÉpka (Tailerbird), w¿ mKq l=re,a,ka (Grey Tit) yd fld<jka yïnq l=re,a,d (Leaf Warbler) iuÕ tlg tla ù kvhla f,i ießirk wjia:d o l÷lr jkdka;r ;=< § oel.; yels h'

fyda¾gka ;ekak yd Y%S mdo wvúfha Wia l÷lr jkdka;r iSudfõ § r;= fou,sÉpka f.ka (Rufus Babbler) ieÿï,;a mlaIs kvj, l÷lr u,a l=re,a,ka o l=vd rxpq f,i ießirkq oel .; yels h'  

l÷lr jkdka;r wdY%s; f.j;= mßirhkays § tkï óms,sudk" f¾kaofmd<" kqjrt<sh" fnr.," y,aÿïuq,a," mÜáfmd<" Tysh m%foaYj, fï mlaISka l=vd rxpq f,i tkï mlaISka 5 - 8 muK ieÿï,;a rxpq f,i ießirkq ksÍlaIKh l< yels h' fndfyda úg fudjqka tla úfYaIhla f,i rxpq jYfhka ießirkq oel .; fkdyels w;r fjk;a l=vd mlaISka jk ms<s, f.ä iQálald" oï iQálald (Purple Rumped) yd rka iQálald (Loten’s Sunbird) jeks mlaISka iuÕ tlg tla ù ießirkq olakg ,efí'

iudcYS,S p¾hd rgdjla fmkajk fï mlaISka l÷lrfha fjkia jk mßirhkag wkqj¾;kh ùfï yelshdj wd§ fya;= ksid úfYaIfha meje;au ;yjqre ù we;' tfy;a fï mlaISka l÷lr jkdka;rhkag muKla iSud ùu fya;=fjka yd fï mlaISka f.a jHdma;s m%foaYh iSudiys; ùu fya;=fjka j¾;udkfha § l÷lr u,a l=re,a,d j| ùfï ;¾ckhg ,la ù we;s ÿ¾j, mlaIshl= f,i ie,efla' tfy;a fï mlaIs úfYaIfha jHdma;s m%foaYh ;=< .ykh jeäùu yd fjkia jk mßirhkag wkqj¾;kh ùu hk ,laIK ms<sn| j ie,el+ úg wmg i;=gq úh yels h' ukao h;a ,xldjg wdfõKsl tla mlaIs úfYaIhla fyda fujka iq,n;djla fmkaùu ,xldfõ mlaISka ms<sn| j ie,elSfï § i;=gg lreKla jk neúks'

iÔj pdñlr  

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

id.rh yd ne÷Kq Ôùka f.a wdYap¾hh æ

uehs 22 odg fhfok f,dal ffcj úúO;aj Èkh fjkqfjks

mDÓú ;,fhka 78% la jeiS w;s bula fkdfmfkk id.rfha fuka u f.dvìu o úúO jQ mßir moaO;s fndfyduhla oel .; yels h' fkd.eUqre uqyqo yd .eUqre uqyqo f,i id.rh m%Odk fldgia follg fnfoa' fkd.eUqre uqyqo hkq uydoaùmsl ;glh u; msysá uqyqÿ m%foaYh hs' fï m%foaYfha úúO jQ mßir moaO;s /ila oel .; yels h' fldr,amr" .,amr" je,s .,amr" uqyqÿ ;DK N+ï ta w;r fjhs' tmuKla fkd j uv iys; m;=,la we;s uv ìï iy je,s iys; m;=,la we;s je,s ìï id.rfha oelsh yels úúO jQ mßirhka h' óg wu;r j uqyqÿ m;=f,a N+ úIu;dj wkqj úúO mßir ks¾udKh ù we;' t fia u ,xldj jgd uqyqÿ ;Srfha olakg fkd,enqK o fkd.eUqre uqyqfoa" YS; foaY.=Kh mj;sk m%foaYhkays uqyqÿ we,a.d ìï oel .; yels h'

fldr,amr

Ôùka úiska u ks¾udKh lrkq ,nk iqúfYaIS mßir moaO;shla f,i fldr,amr ye¢kaúh yels h' Bg fya;=j iyÔù iïnkaO;djlska Ôj;a jk we,a.S iy fldr,a fmd,sma Ôúhd wÔù fldr,amrh f.dvkÕk ksid h' ;ks j Ôj;a jk fldr,a fmd,sma Ôúhdg fldr,amr ks¾udKh l< fkdyels h' fldr,amr ks¾udKh lrkafka iyÔjk iïnkaO;djfha fhfok fldr,a fmd,sma Ôùka h' fï fldr,a fmd,sma Ôùyq iaÒr Wmia;rhl iú ù le,aishï ldnfkaÜ ljphla i%djh lrñka fldr,a mrh ks¾udKh lr;s' tfia ks¾udKh lrk fldr,a mrh fndfyda Ôùka f.a jdiia:dk fjhs' fldr,amr oel .; yels jkafka fkd.eUqre uqyqÿ ;Srfha" ia:djr ,jK;dj yd iQ¾hdf,dalh fyd¢ka ,efnk m%foaYhkays h'

,xldj jgd uqyqÿ ;Srfha l=, 19 lg wh;a .K 69 la hgf;a fldr,a Ôù úfYaI 188 la jd¾;d fõ' ta w;r wx fldr,a" fïi wdldr fldr,a" fud, wdldr fldr,a" f.da,dldr fldr,a" ia;r fldr,a iy me;,s wdldr fldr,a jYfhka fldr,a wdldr fndfyduhla oel .; yels h' fldr,amr wdY%s; j u;aiH úfYaI 700 lg jeä m%udKhla jd¾;d fõ' ta w;r fldr,amr u; hefmk mkdjka iy mr wdY%s; j Ôj;a jk u;aiHhka w;r fldiaika" .srõ" .,a.=,a,ka" .sksuy" fma;a;hd yd rej,aldrhka jeks u;aiHfhda fj;s' óg wu;r j mieÕs,a,ka" blsßka" biaika jeks wmDIaGjxYS i;a;aj úfYaI fndfyduhla u fldr,amr wdY%s; j oel .; yels h'

id.rfha Ôù úúO;ajh

bkaÈhka id.rfhaa ¥m;la f,i msysá ,xldjg wkkH wd¾Ól id.ßl l,dmfha m%udKh j¾. lsf,daógr 2"56"410 ls' fï iuia; m%foaYh ie,els,a,g .;a úg w;s úYd, Ôù úúO;ajhla fulS m%foaYh weiqf¾ jd¾;d fõ'

,xldj jgd msysá id.rfha mDIaGjxYS yd wmDIaGjxYS i;a;aj úfYaI fndfyduhla fjhs' mDIaGjxYS i;a;aj ldKavhg wh;a id.r laISrmdhS úfYaI 28 ls' ta úfYaI l=, 7 lg wh;a fõ' uqyqÿ W!rd" fvd,a*ska fyj;a uq,a,ka yd ;,auiaiq ta w;r fj;s' ,xldj jgd id.rfha Ôj;a jk mDIaGjxYS i;a;aj ldKav w;r Wr. úfYaI .Kk 18 ls' ta w;r jd,laläka f,i y÷kajk W.% úI iys; uqyqÿ i¾mhka úfYaI 13 la iy leianE úfYaI 5 ls'

mDIaGjxYSka jk uqyqÿ mlaIs úfYaI fndfyduhla u ,xldj jgd id.rfha oel .; yels h' uqyqÿ <sysKshka" msg/,shka" /< lmkakka" l=Kdgq msg/,shka" uqyqÿ lmqgka jeks mlaIs úfYaI 49 la ta w;r fjhs' ,xldfõ f.ojdk jeks ¥m;aj,g .sïydk R;= idxl%uKsl mlaIshl= f,i ìcq ,Eu i|yd meñfKk frdai uqyqÿ <sysKshd ,xldfõ úfYaIs; uqyqÿ mlaIsfhls'  

mDIaGjxYS i;=ka w;r uqyqfoa rc lrk i;=ka jkafka u;aiHhka h' ,xldj jgd id.rfha u;aiH úfYaI 1200 lg jeä m%udKhla jd¾;d fõ' fï u;aiHhka f.ka fndfyduhla ñksid f.a mßfNdackh i|yd w,a,d .kq ,efí' u;aiHhka w;r fudareka úfYaI 61 la uvqjka úfYaI 31 la muK o fjhs'

id.rfha wmDIaGjxYS i;a;aj úfYaI nyq;rhla Ôj;a fõ' mieÕs,a,ka" uqyqÿ blsß iy uqyqÿ l+ve,a,ka (Echinoderms) úfYaI 213 la muK ,xldj jgd id.rfha Ôj;a fõ' uqyqÿ ll=¿jka úfYaI 201 la iy uqyqÿ fn,a,ka úfYaI 228 la muK wo jk úg ,xldj jgd id.r m%foaYfhka y÷kdf.k we;'

óg wu;r j uqyqÿ y;=" f,dähka" uqyqÿ u,a" lrÈh jdiS mKqjka" oe,a,ka" nQj,a,ka" fmo.s,a,ka jeks ;j;a fndfyda wmDIaGjxYS Ôù úfYaI id.rfha Ôj;a fjhs'

fï ish,a, u wm jgd we;s id.rh yd ne÷Kq Ôjh hs' fï id.r Ôjh u; ëjr ck;dj f.a Ôjh o ne£ mj;S' wm id.rh /l .ekSug fhduq úh hq;=;af;a fï ksid h'

id.r mßir moaO;sj, meje;aug we;s ;¾ck

1. wêl f,i iuqøSh iïm;a ,nd .ekSu

md,khlska f;dr j wêl f,i u;aiH iïm; ,nd .ekSu fya;=fjka id.r u;aiH iïm;g ;¾ck t,a, fjñka ;sfí' úfYaIfhka u;aiHhka fnda jk m%foaY wdY%s; j isÿ jk ëjr fufyhqï fya;=fjka fï ;;a;ajh j¾Okh fjñka mj;S' ;j o uqyqÿ l+ve,a,ka" fc,s uiqka jeks id.r Ôù úfYaI wêl f,i wdydr msKsi wmkhkh i|yd we,a,Su úYd, ;¾ckhla ù ;sfí' tA fya;=fjka bÈßfha id.r u;aiH úfYaI fnda ùfï m%foaY y÷kdf.k tajd wdrlaIs; m%foaY njg m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu fuka u yÿkd.;a Ôù úfYaI wdrlaIs; ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍu uÕska ta Ôù úfYaIhkays wkd.; meje;au ;yjqre l< hq;= h'

2. úis;=re uiqka wêl f,i tl;= lsÍu

fldr,a mr wdY%s; j Ôj;a jk úis;=re u;aiH úfYaI wêl f,i w,a,d úis;=re uiqka f,i wmkhkh lsÍu isÿ fõ' fï ;;a;ajh wo jk úg b;d ydks lr uÜgulg meñK ;sfí' ;;a;ajh md,kh lsÍu i|yd kS;s iïmdokh fuka u ta kS;s l%shdjg kexùu w;HjYH ù ;sfí'

3. ydkslr ëjr fufyhqï l%u Ndú;h

id.r u;aiH iïm; wêl f,i ,nd .ekSu i|yd khsf,daka oe,a" mQÜgq oe,a" fudlais oe,a" m¾Ishka oe,a" ;,a¨ oe,a jeks wys;lr oe,a wdïmkak Ndú;h isÿ lrhs' fuys § jevqKq uiqkag wu;r j l=vd u;aiH megjqka w,a,d.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i u;aiH .ykh YS>%fhka wvq fjñka mj;S' óg wu;r j vhskuhsÜ fhdod uiqka ueÍu fya;=fjka o fï ;;a;ajh j¾Okh fõ' ;;a;ajh md,kh lsÍu i|yd kS;s l%shd;aul lsÍu b;d u jeo.;a fõ'

4. f;,a bysÍu

keõ .s,S hEfuka fyda f.dvìug f;,a fmdïm lsÍïj, § isÿ jk ldkaÿ ùï fya;=fjka id.rhg tla jk f;,a" id.r mßir moaO;Skag yd fjr< wdY%s; mßir moaO;Skag ydks we;s lrhs' fïjd wjika jYfhka l,mq fyda fudah wdYs%; lfvd,dk mßir moaO;Skays idkaø ùu fya;=fjka id.r Ôù úfYaIhkag oeä ;¾ck t,a, fõ'

5. wdl%uKsl Ôù úfYaI j¾Okh ùu

wdl%uKsl Ôù úfYaIhkays ;¾ck fndfydaÿrg olakg ,efnkafka fldr,amr mßir moaO;Skays h' wdl%uKsl we,a.S úfYaI j¾Okh ùu fldr,amr wdY%s; j olakg ,efnk m%Odk ;¾ck w;=ßka tlls' fï ;;a;ajh fldr,amrj,g m%n, ;¾ckhla ù ;sfí'

id.rfha wdl%uKsl Ôù úfYaI jHdma;shg —ne,ia c,h˜ fya;=jla fõ' ne,ia c,h hkq NdKav m%jdyk fk!ldj," NdKav f.dv nE miq j ;=,s;;dj mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd fk!ldjg fmdïm lrk uqyqÿ c,h hs' fjk;a fk!ld wx.khlg f.dia NdKav megùug m%:u ta c,h fk!ldfjka id.rhg uqod yÍ' fuf,i tla id.rhl isák Ôùka wfkla id.rhg meñKs miq j l,l § wdl%uKsl ;;a;ajhlg m;a úh yels h'

6. ydkslr ixpdrl l¾udka;h

fjr< l,dmh mqrd jHdma; j ;snQ ixpdrl jHdmdrh wo jk úg fldr,amr yryd id.rh olajd jHdma; ù we;' miq.sh ld,h ;=< fldr,amr ke/öfï ixpdrl jHdmdrh ÈhqKq ùu fya;=fjka yslalvqj cd;sl jfkdaoHdkfha fldr,amrh oeä mßydkshlg m;a úh' bka wk;=re j mfrú ¥m;a cd;sl jfkdaoHdkfha fldr,amr" ixpdrlhka ksid oeä ydkshlg m;a jQ w;r wo jk úg fï ;¾ckhg uqyqK md  we;af;a l,amsáh ndÍ*a wNh N=ñh hs' ixpdrl fndaÜgq fldr,amrh u; .uka lsÍu" fldr,amr u; kex.=rï oeóu" fldr,amr leãu jeks ;¾ck" ydks lr f,i ixpdrl l¾udka;h jHdma; ùu ksid isÿ fõ' fï ksid ksje/È ie,eiqulska miq j ixpdrlhka i|yd fujka jákd yd ixfõ§ mßir moaO;s ke/öu i|yd újD; l< hq;= h'

wo jk úg fldr,a mrj,ska Tíng uqyqÿ laISrmdhSka ke/öu olajd id.r ixpdrl l¾udka;h ÈhqKq ù we;' tfy;a tA i|yd ksis l%ufõohla fyda ks¾Kdhl fkdue;s fyhska uqyqÿ laISrmdhSka f.a meje;aug fï ixpdrl jHdmdrfha jHdma;sh ydkslr f,i n,md we;' ñßiai" l,amsáh yd ;%Sl=Kdu,h m%foaYhkays fï ;;a;ajh olakg ,efí' fydag,a ysñlrejka iy iuyr ëjrhka fufyhjk uqyqÿ laISrmdhSka ke/öfï ixpdrl lghq;= wúêu;a f,i isÿ fõ' ta i;=ka f.a iajdNdúl meje;aug n,mEï we;s jk wdldrhg fndaÜgq meoùu o isÿ lef¾' fï ;;a;ajh md,kh i|yd ksis ie,eiaula ilia úh hq;= j we;'           

7.      t,aksfkda jeks WKqiqï Èhje,aj, n,mEï

f,dal foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihkays m%;sM,hla f,i we;s jk t,aksfkda jeks WKqiqï Èhje,aj, n,mEï fya;=fjka fldr,amr úrxckh ùu ke; fyd;a fldr,amr iqÿ meye .ekaù ñh hEfï ;;a;ajh fï jk úg olakg ,efí' 1998 jif¾ § m%:ufhka u ,xldj jgd uqyqÿ ;Srfha fldr,amrj,g fï ;¾ckh we;s úh' bka wk;=re j fï jif¾ miq.sh ui ;=< fulS ;;a;ajhg kej; jrla fldr,amr f.dÿre úh'

8.      f.dvìfuka id.rhg isÿ jk wys;lr n,mEï

.xÕd Tiafia wêl le<s li< m%udKhla uqyqog tlaùu fï w;=ßka m%Odk fõ' fmd,s;Ska jeks øjH id.rhg tlaùu fya;=fjka leianEjqkag ;¾ck t,a, ù we;' fc,s uiqka wdydrhg .kakd leianEjqka úfYaI" uqyqfoa mdfjk fmd,s;Ska fyda is,s nE.a fc,s uiqka f,i jrojd jgyd f.k tajd wdydrhg .ekSfuka urKhg m;a jk w;r .xÕd Tiafia .,df.k tk le<s li< fldr,amr mßirhkays /£u fya;=fjka fldr,amrj, meje;aug ;¾ck t,a, fõ'

rg ;+< isÿ jk wêl mdxY= Ldokh fya;=fjka .xÕd Tiafia .,df.k tk wêl frdka u~ m%udKh uqyqog tla jQ miq j tajd fkd.eUqre uqyqÿ ;Srfha fldr,a mrj, /£u yd c,fha mdùu fya;=fjka iQ¾hdf,dalh ls|d fkdneiSfuka fldr,amrj, meje;aug oeä n,mEï we;s lrhs'

.xÕd Tiafia .,df.k tk" lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= i|yd Ndú; lrk ridhksl fmdfydr" ridhksl m,sfndaO kdYl iy l¾udka;Yd,d wmøjH wjidkfha idkaø.; jkafka id.rfha h' th id.r mßir moaO;Skays iuia; Ôù m%cdjg m%n, ;¾ckhla ù we;' tneúka —id.rfha Ôjh˜ wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd ie,eiqï ilia lsÍfï § f.dvìñka id.rhg isÿ jk n,mEï md,kh i|yd ksis l%shdud¾. .ekSu o b;d u jeo.;a fõ'

wm rg w;aika ;nd we;s id.rh yd neÿKq wka;¾cd;sl iïuq;Ska

1973  - keõj,ska wmøjH neyer lsÍu je,elaùu i|yd jQ wka;¾cd;sl iïuq;sh

1976 - YS% ,xldj iy bkaÈhdj hk rgj,a fofla ukakdrï fndlal iy fnx.d, fndlal w;r  iuqøSh iSudj iy wod< lreKq ms<sn| j ta rgj,a fol w;r we;slr .;a .súiqu

1983 - f;,aj,ska isÿ jk ÿIKh ksid Woa.; jk w,dy i|yd jQ isú,a j.lsu ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl iïuq;sh

1983 - f;,aj,ska isÿ jk ÿIKh ksid Woa.; jk w,dN i|yd jkaÈ f.úu i|yd jQ wka;¾cd;sl wruqo,la msysgqùu ms<sn| c.;a iïuq;sh

1983 - f;,aj,ska isÿjk ÿIKh ksid urK fyda ;=jd, isÿ jk wjia:djkays § uy uqyqfoa È ueÈy;aùug wod< c.;a iïuq;sh

1989  - wdishdfõ iy meismsla id.rfha c, Ôù j.d uOHia:dk cd,h ms<sn| .súiqu

1994 - id.r kS;sh ms<sn| tlai;a cd;ska f.a iïuq;sh

1995 - 1982 foieïn¾ 10 jk Èk id.r kS;sh ms<sn| tlai;a cd;ska f.a iïuq;sfha XI fldgi ls%hd;aul lsÍug wod< .súiqu

1996 - ud¿ f;d. iy b;d ixl%ñl ud¿ f;d. ixrlaIKh lsÍug iy l<ukdlrKh lsÍug wod< 1982 foieïn¾ 10 jk Èk uqyqÿ kS;sh ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iïuq;sfha úêúOdk         ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd .súiqu

1996 - bkaÈhd id.rfha n,hka ms<sn| fldñiu msysgqùu i|yd jQ .súiqu

1999 - wka;¾ uqyqÿ iSud yryd wmøjH .uka lsÍu md,kh lsÍu iy tajd neyer lsÍu ms<sn| ndi,a iïuq;sh

id.r iïm;a ixrlaIKh i|yd l%shd;auljk rdcH wdh;k

Ø  ëjr yd c,c iïm;a fomd¾;fïka;=j

ëjr yd c,c iïm;a fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕska ëjr yd c,c iïm;a mk; l%shdjg kexùu isÿ lrhs' tuÕska id.rfha Ôù iïm;a ydks lr f,i ,nd .ekSu md,kh lsÍu isÿ lrhs' óg wu;r j ;ykï wdïmkak Ndú;fhka isÿ lrk ëjr fufyhqï lghq;= md,kh lsÍu o isÿ lrkq ,efí'

Ø  fjr< ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j

fjr< ixrlaIK mk; wkqj uOH jvÈh bfï isg ógr 300 la rg ;=<g iy uOH ndÈh bfï isg lsf,daógr 2 la uqyqo foig msysá m%foaYh fjr< ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j hgf;a md,kh fõ' ta mk;g wkqj fï l,dmh ;=< ydks lr ixj¾Ok lghq;= md,kh lsÍu fjr< ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska isÿ lrkq ,efí'

Ø  iuqøSh mßir wdrlaIK wêldßh

iuqø ¥IK je,elaùfï mkf;a kS;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu uÕska id.r mßir ¥IKh md,kh i|yd l%shd;aul ùu fï wdh;kh uÕska isÿ lrhs'

Ø  jkÔù ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j

jk i;a;aj yd jDlaI,;d wdrlaIl wd{d mk; hgf;a fldr,amrj,g yd ta wdY%s; u;aiH úfYaIhkag wdrlaIdj ,nd § we;' óg wu;r j fldr,amr wdY%s; Ôù úfYaI úis;=re Ôùka f,i wêl f,i we,a,Su md,kh o fï mk; uÕska isÿ lef¾' 

,xldj jgd id.rfha msysá yslalvqj cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh" mfrú ¥m;a cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh" rEuiai, wNh N+ñh" ndÍ*a wNh N+ñh" uyd fidan¾ ¥m;a wNh N+ñh" l=vd fidan¾ ¥m;a wNh N+ñh yd .,amr ¥m;a wNh N+ñh jeks wdrlaIs; m%foaY m%ldYhg m;a lr fldr,amr mßir moaO;Skag iy uqyqÿ mlaISka ìcq ,k N+ñ m%foaYj,g wdrlaIdj ,nd §u fulS mk; uÕska isÿ lrkq ,en ;sfí'

fï mk; uÕska uqyqÿ laISrmdhska" uqyqÿ mlaISka" uqyqÿ Wr.hka hk ish,a,kag u wdrlaIdj ,nd § we;'

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

È,sfyk ly ¨Kq tlalr     m,a,d

ú<s jeo khs úI hhs kqU m,a,d

tod yeu .ï mshil u i¾m úIg fjolï lrk fjoeÿre flfkla úh' Tyq i¾m úIg muKla fkd j iuyr úg ish¨ úI YÍr.; ùïj,g mjd fjo fyolï flf<a h' lDIsld¾ñl Ôjk rgdjlg yqre Y%S ,dxlslhd wjg mßirh;a iuÕ Ôj;a jQ wfhls' fï fya;=j ksid u fyf;u úúO i¾m oIagkhkag fuka u úI YÍr.;ùïj,g o ksrka;rfhka f.dÿre úh' fï ish¨ wjia:djkays § Tjqka f.a msysgg isáfha fï fjoeÿre h' ta ;rug u fya ck;djg ióm úh' Tyq m%;sldr lf<a ldismkïj,g fkd fõ' fiajdjla f,i hs' tfy;a j¾;udkh jk úg kQ;k úÿyqre oekqu iuÕska wd m%;sldr fya;=fjka fï oekqï moaO;sh wNdjhg hEfï wjodkula we;' foaYSh ffjoH l%u w;f¾ úYsIag;u oekqï iïNdrhla jQ foaYSh i¾m úI fjolu tys yrhd;aul fndfyda oE iuÕska je<e,S hEfï wNd.H iïmkak ld,hlg uqyqK § we;'

wo i¾m oIagkhla isÿ jqj fyd;a frda.shd /f.k hkafka <Õ u msysá frday, fj; h' tfy;a fuys § frda.shd muKla fkd j oIag lrk ,o i¾mhd o /f.k hEug isÿ fõ' fndfyda úg isÿjkqfha ta i¾mhd fkdue;s j .sh úg frda.shd f.a m%;sldrh mud ùu h' ta fya;=fjka frda.shd ñh hEug jqj o mq¿jk' fujeks ;;a;ajhka miq.sh ld,h ;=< wikakg ke;=jd o fkd fõ' fï fya;=fjka fndfyda úg oIag lrk ,o i¾mhd o /f.k hEug fndfyda wh fm,efU;s' tys § isÿjkqfha ta i;d f.a o brKu úi£ yudr ùu h' tfy;a isxy, ffjoH l%ufha § tfia fkd ù h' ñksid fuka u i;=ka o iqjm;a lsÍfï l%uhla ta weiqf¾ úh' i¾m oIagkhla jQ úg ta nj mejeiSug tk mqoa.,hd ¥;hl= f,i f.k ta ¥; ,laIK uÕska frda.shd ms<sn| iïmQ¾K wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSug wfma foaYSh ffjoHjrhdg yels úh'

fuys § ffjoHjrhdg jeo.;a jkqfha frda.h ms<sn| mejeiSug tk ¥;hd hs' Tyq w; we;s oE Tyq mjik oE Tyq isák ÈYdj wkqj frda.shd f.a idOH widOH nj fuka u frda.shdg oIag lr we;s i¾mhd iy úI o< m%udKh ms<sn| j o wjfndaOhla frda.shd fkdue;s j u ffjoHjrhd ,nd yudr h'

WodyrKhla f,i frda.shd f.a f;dr;=re mjik ¥;hd ish w;ska isÿre iys; ,Shla" W,la" wvuq.=rla" nykla ^u< mqvqj iys; lUhla& ÿkakla oeÍu o w;afol fmdfrdjd f.k isàu o w;ska mhska ñÿf,a ;Kfld< .e,eùu o ÿgq úg frda.shd widOH fuka u urKfhka .,jd .; fkdyels flkl= nj fjoeÿre oek .kshs'

Bg wu;r j rd;%S ld,fha § kï ¥;hd w;e;s .sks yq, ;nk wdldrfhka o frda.shd f.a idOH widOH nj jgyd .kS'

frda.shd f.a f;dr;=re mjik ¥;hd fjoeÿre fj; mjik jelsh wkqj fndfyda oE f;areï .ekSug fjoeÿreg yelshdjla ;sìKs' ta jelsfha y,a wl=re bj;a lsÍfuka wjika wl=r f;la weÕs,s .ekSfuka wka;su wl=r ysñ weÕs,a, wkqj oIag lrk ,o i¾mhd ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ffjopHjrhd ,nd.kS' lksgq fyj;a iq<eÕs,a, kï khl= o" fjoe.s,a, kï fmd<Õl= o" ueoeÕs,a, kï fmdf<dka f;,siail= jeks i;l= o" onr weÕs,a, kï lrje,a j¾.hg wh;a i;=ka o uymg weÕs,a, kï ks¾úI i;l= nj o fjoeÿre f;fï oek .;af;a h'

t fia u ta jelsfha wl=re uq, isg wl=re fol neÕska lmd ouk úg b;sß jkafka tla wl=rla kï .eyekshl nj;a folla kï msßñhl= nj;a wjfndaO fldg .kS' t fia u wl=re y;r neÕska lmd y< úg tla wl=rla b;sßùfuka tla o<hla o" wl=re folla b;sß ùfuka o< folla o wl=re ;=kla b;sß ùfuka o< ;=kla o wl=re y;rla b;sß ù kï o< y;rl o ;=jd< we;s nj oek .kshs' t fia u ta úI me;sÍu ms<sn| j o tieKska wjfndaOhla fjoeÿre f;fï ,nd .kshs' ta b;sß wl=re ueoeÕs,af,a mqrela ;=fkys fh§fuka m<uq mqreflys kï ri Od;=fjys o fojeks mqreflys kï udxY Od;=fjys o ;=ka jeks mqreflys kï wiaÓ Od;=j f;la o úI me;sÍ we;s nj wjfndaO fldg .kS'

;j o frda.shd f.a f;dr;=re mjik ¥;hd isák ÈYdj wkqj o fndfyda oE wkqudk lrhs' ta ¥;hd kefÕkysrg msgqmd f;dr;=re mjikafka kï khl= nj;a" .sksfldk jhU ÈYdfõ isg mjikafka kï fmd<Õl= nj;a" ol=Kq ÈYdfõ isg mjikafka kï ks¾úI i¾mhl= nj;a" ngysr isg mjikafka kï lrje,l= nj;a" Bidk È. isg mjikafka kï f.dakqiq jekakl= nj;a" ksß; ÈYdfõ isg mjikafka kï fmdf<dx f;,siail= nj;a oek .;af;a h'

¥;hd uqyqK fyda ll=, w;.dñka f;dr;=re mjikafka kï fmd<Õl= nj;a" ;=káh w;.dñka mjikafka kï lrj,l= nj;a ysi w;.dñka mjikafka kï udms,l= nj;a je<ñg w;.dñka mjikafka kï fmdf<dx f;,siail= nj;a mmqj w;.dñka mjikafka kï óhl= nj;a ikaiqka j mjikafka kï ks¾úI i;l= nj;a wd§ jYfhka fndfyda ,laIK wkqj frda.shd ms<sn| ;;= ffjoHjrhd oek .kshs'

;j o oIag l< ia:dkh o jeo.;a jkafka frda.shd f.a idOH widOH nj f;areï .ekSug h' foajd," úYd, mQcd jDlaI uQ,hka" fidfydka ìï" rela isÿre ^fnk&" md¿ f.j,a" .k jkdka;r" ;=Ui"  .xbjqre" wjkay,a" ;DK N+ñ" ;=kauxi,a hk ia:dkhkays § oIagkhla jqj fyd;a widOH he hs ffjoHjrhd oek.;af;a h'

;j o bßod" wÕyrejdod" fikiqrdod hk Èkj, § Wfoa iy yekaoE hdu o" uOHyakh fuka u ? ueÈhu o t<sfjk hdufha § o oIag l< fyd;a widOH ,l=Kq fmkajhs' ;j o úfiaksh wgjl" kjjl" f;f,iajl" wudjl" mif<diajl hk ;sÓkays § oIagkhka widOH nj oek .;af;a h' wiaúo" fnrk" le;s" frfyk" uqjisri" wo" wia,si" mqji," id" úid" fog" uq," iqjK" mqjmqgqm hk kel;aj, § o widOH jkafka he hs fjoeÿre wkqudk lrkafka h'

fï id f;dr;=re ffjoHjrhdg wjYH jkafka frda.shdg ksishdldr j m%;sldr lsÍug mQ¾j iQodku i|yd h' fï f;dr;=re oek .ekSug oekqï iïNdrhla ;sìh hq;= fõ' úfYaIfhka Tyq f.a ikaiqka nj jvd jeo.;a fõ' ¥; ,laIK ukdj wjfndaO lr f.k frda.shd f.a ;;a;ajh wjfndaO lr .; yels jkqfha ta ikaiqka nj ksid u h' NdIdj" fcHd;sIh" T!Iëh Ydl wd§ fndfyda ldrK ms<sn| j hï wjfndaOhla Tyq i;= j ;sìh hq;= fõ'

wfma fjoeÿre f.a m%;sldr l%uh o fjkia fõ' Y%S ,xldfõ ta ta mrmqfrka mrmqrg fuka u m%foaYfhka m%foaYhg m%;sldr l%uh fjkia nj oelal yels h' hka;% uka;% .=ma; úoHdj yd T!IO uqiq jqKq wfma mdrïmßl i¾m úI fjolu wd;=rhdg m%;sldr lsÍu mgka .kafka fndfyda úg wd;=rhd fkdoel ùu úfYaI;ajhls' fndfyda úg mKsúvh /f.k tk ¥;hdg myrla .eiSfuka" fgdl= wekSfuka fyda fjk;a l%shdj,shlska ksjfia isák frda.shd f.a widOH nj ÿre l< wjia:d we;' tfy;a fuys i;H nj kQ;k úÿyqre oekqug f.dapr lr .; fkdyels wjia:djla fõ'

frda.shdg m%;sldr i|yd wejeis T!IO /f.k hkafka frda.shd fkdoel ùu úfYaI;ajhls' ksIamdÈ; T!IO fuka u fjk;a T!IO mßirfhka fidhdf.k u frda.shd isák biõjg hkafka ¥; ,laIK uÕska ,nd.kakd oekqu Tiafia h' ta uÕska wjYH T!IO j¾. fudkjd oe hs fidhd .ekSug myiq fõ'

wfma iuyr fjoeÿrka oIag l< i¾mhd ,jd u frda.shd f.a úI bj;a lsÍu ms<sn| j o wm wid we;' flfi,a m;=re Ndú;fhka oIag l< i¾mhd ,jd úI weoao ùu o ta i¾mhd kshñ; ia:dkhg f.kajd .ekSug uka;% wd§ .=ma; l%u Ndú; jQ nj o mji;s' i¾m úI fjolï lsÍfï § uka;% wdÈh Ndú; lsÍu wksjd¾h fohla ù ;sfí' fndfyda úg frda.shd f.a YÍrfha we;s úI tla ia:dkhlg .ekSu fyda neiai ùu uka;%hlska lrk wjia:d we;' thg wu;r j ffjoHjrhd úiska frda.shd f.a úI bÍu o isÿ lrkq ,nhs' ;j o m%;sldr lsÍfï § nqÿ.=K Ndú;hg o wm ffjoHjre fm,efU;s'

iuyr i¾m oIagk ksid frda.Ska isys uq¾cd jQ wjia:d o olakg we;' tys § o flï l%u fuka u kiak ^kiH& lsÍu" bil=äÉÑ oeóu wdÈh o isÿ fõ' Bg wu;r j fnfy;a Trej, oeóu o isÿ úh' fï m%;sldr i|yd ffjoHjrhd ksIamdÈ; T!IO fuka u wjg mßirfhka fidhd .kakd ,o T!IO Ndú; flf<a h' fï m%;sldr l%u b;du;a idys;H rifhka jQ lú wdÈfhka ix.%y fldg we;'

u.=f,a hkakka                  oel,d

l=Uqf¾ uv l,,a                  l<d

jeiaig me, hg                  bo,d

kd. úIg kiak                  l<d

fuys § fï lúfhys we;s T!Iëh j¾. úúO kduhka f.ka iÕjd we;' fuys u.=f,a hkakka f,i u.=,a lr| uq,a o" l=Uqf¾ uv f,i l=Uqre weg o" jeiaig me, hg bo,d f,i kruQ;%fhka wUrd kd. úI i|yd kYH l< nj lshefõ' fï wd§ jYfhka ieÕjqKq lú mka;Skays b;d u rij;a niska hqla; j fï ffjoHl%u ix.%y lsÍug wfma fjoeÿrka iu;a j we;'

msßñ mkd .ihs                   oefka

.sfrka .sf¾ u,a                 jvf;a

,shka ;fka ri                ,enqfKa

úfia we;;a fkdhhs              mfka

fuys § lshefjkafka jrld .fia mkdu,a wrf.k ;k lsfrka wUrd §fuka ish¨ úI wvq lr .; yels nj hs'

úchd fkdakg             w~.ym,a,d

ue<s fkd j yia;h w;g u      h,a,d

È,sfyk ly ¨Kq tlalr        m,a,d

ú<s jeo khs úI hhs kqU        m,a,d

fuys § úchd fkdakd hkq je,a relaw;a;k fõ' je,a relaw;a;k fld< ly" ¨Kq oud fldgd u,jd khs úIg ne£fuka ta úI nei hk nj fuhska lshe fõ' fï wdldrfhka úúO rihka tlalr ;ekQ lú uÕska tajdfha .=Kd;aul nj jeäÈhqKq jQjd fuka u j¾;udkfha isÿjk nqoaê yd cdk uxfld,a,hg o jeg ne£ula isÿ j we;'  

fï wd§ jYfhka wfma i¾m úI fjolu oekqï id.rhls' th je<e,S hEug bv Èh hq;= ke;' fuh u;=jg o /l .; hq;= h' kùk úÿyqre oekqug o fuh ixl,kh úh hq;= fõ' wjYH jkafka frda.Ska iqjm;a lsÍu h' wE; .ïj, ñksiqkg i¾m oIagkhl § frday,lg hEug fmr <Õ u we;s wfma fjoeÿre msysg fjhs' wfma foaYSh fjoeÿre frda.shd iqjm;a jkf;la fjk;l fkd hhs' th Tyq f.a j.lSula f,i Tyq is;hs' tneúka Tyq ;=< .eí j we;s ñksi;alu b;d w.fka h' Ndú;h weiqf¾ fï oekqu ixrlaIKh jkafka h' fï oekqu jvd t,odhS f,i ck;dj f.a fi!LH ixrlaIKh fjkqfjka fhdod .ekSfuka tlS oekqu;a T!IO msKsi úhoï jk úYd, uqo,;a /l .; yels fkdjkafka o@

ffjoH md,s; Y%S .S.k wdrÉÑf.a